The History Toefl

TOEFL stands for Test Of English as a Foreign Language, which was introduced in 1960 by Educational Testing Services (ETS). There are two types of TOEFL test to do, the first is the Computer-Based Test (CBT) and the second is the Paper-Based Test (PBT).

The fundamental difference of these two types of tests on the CBT test is carried out using computer media while PBT is not. Another difference is the scale value of the results of the TOEFL test, CBT is the value on the scale 0-300 whereas the PBT is 310-677.

The test usually takes about three hours and is organized into 4 parts, namely:
* Listening comprehension,

* Grammar structure and written expression,

* Reading Comprehension, and section

* Writing

Toefl previously named CAL (Center of Applied Linguistics), based in Washington DC and established in 1959.CAL is a non-profit that is committed to researching the relationship between language and the CAL first budaya.Direktur Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998) who was a professor at the University of guided Hardvard.Ferguson center makes a practical solution to the language of the development of the early project diterapkan.Salah Ferguson is developing a test that would measure the command language of the ESL (English-as- a-Second-Language) students and government employees. Ferguson and researchers developed the TOEFL test during the first five years CAL.

Toefl was first taken by the center in 1964. An international testing standards organizations have been managing the TOEFL test ETS (Educational Testing Service). According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008, 24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in 2005, the internet-based exam format has replaced the computer-based and paper-based, with the results of computer-based orders are no longer valid in 2006. 

Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to implement CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet network), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about the test CBT and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be found on the official website of TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1].

Lately TOEFL test organizers also held a kind of test TWE (Test of Written English) is the result of a separate value TOEFL test scores. The test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and pour an idea or ideas, as well as supporting the idea that the examples contained in everyday life using English standard.

Another type of test that is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken English Program) which is similar to the individual parts of the interview on the IELTS test. They are usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries). Form of tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration is the same as the other TOEFL test, and costs about $ 100.

Sources:
http://iyaann.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/toefl/