The History Toefl

TOEFL stands for Test Of English as a Foreign Language, which was introduced in 1960 by Educational Testing Services (ETS). There are two types of TOEFL test to do, the first is the Computer-Based Test (CBT) and the second is the Paper-Based Test (PBT).

The fundamental difference of these two types of tests on the CBT test is carried out using computer media while PBT is not. Another difference is the scale value of the results of the TOEFL test, CBT is the value on the scale 0-300 whereas the PBT is 310-677.

The test usually takes about three hours and is organized into 4 parts, namely:
* Listening comprehension,

* Grammar structure and written expression,

* Reading Comprehension, and section

* Writing

Toefl previously named CAL (Center of Applied Linguistics), based in Washington DC and established in 1959.CAL is a non-profit that is committed to researching the relationship between language and the CAL first budaya.Direktur Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998) who was a professor at the University of guided Hardvard.Ferguson center makes a practical solution to the language of the development of the early project diterapkan.Salah Ferguson is developing a test that would measure the command language of the ESL (English-as- a-Second-Language) students and government employees. Ferguson and researchers developed the TOEFL test during the first five years CAL.

Toefl was first taken by the center in 1964. An international testing standards organizations have been managing the TOEFL test ETS (Educational Testing Service). According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008, 24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in 2005, the internet-based exam format has replaced the computer-based and paper-based, with the results of computer-based orders are no longer valid in 2006. 

Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to implement CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet network), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about the test CBT and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be found on the official website of TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1].

Lately TOEFL test organizers also held a kind of test TWE (Test of Written English) is the result of a separate value TOEFL test scores. The test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and pour an idea or ideas, as well as supporting the idea that the examples contained in everyday life using English standard.

Another type of test that is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken English Program) which is similar to the individual parts of the interview on the IELTS test. They are usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries). Form of tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration is the same as the other TOEFL test, and costs about $ 100.

Sources:
http://iyaann.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/toefl/

English softskill task 2: toefl

TOEFL EXERCISE ( Skill 1-3 ) : Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.

1.     Nobody (A) know when the (B) process of glass-making (C) was (D) inveted.

The wrong word in the sentence above is a (know).
because the subject "nobody" is singular, so the word should know added with s. So became nobody knows when the process of glass-making was inveted. 

TOEFL EXERCISE ( Skill 1-3 ) : Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.

2. The languages of the world (A) presents a vast (B) array of structural (C) similarities and (D) differences.

     The wrong word in the sentence above is (A) presents, because the subject “the languages of the world” is plural. so we must omit of the -s from “presents”. And the correct sentence is The languages of the world present a vast array of structural similarities and difference.

3. The rise of multinationals (A) have (B) resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity  because multinationals (C) can (D) operate in so many juridictions.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (A) have, because the subject “ The rise of multinationals” is singular,  then the correct answer is “has” not “have”

The correct sentence is The rise of multinationals has resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many juridictions. 

4.  All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States (A) has even (B) numbers, while north-south interstate highways (C) are (D) odd-numbered.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (A) has, because the subject “all of the east-west interstate highways in the United States” is plural, and the correct answer is “have” not “has”

The correct sentence is All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States have even numbers, while north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.

5. (A) When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud (B) exploded in 1987, a        wave of neutrinos (C) were (D) detected on Earth.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (C) were, because the subject “a wave of neutrinos” is singular, then we should use “was” not “were”

The correct sentence is When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos was detected on Earth.

6.     Every open space in the (A) targeted area that (B) has grass and few bushes (C) are (D) occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (C) are, because the subject is singular, so we must replace “are” with "is".

The correct sentence is Every open space in the targeted area that has grass and few bushes is occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.

7.     Krakataoa (A) is remembered as the volcano that (B) put so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world (C) was affected for two years (D) afterward.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (B) put, because the subject is singular, so we must add -s to “put” become “puts”.

The correct sentence is Krakataoa is remembered as the volcano that puts so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward.

8.     The term “Yankee” (A) was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States (B) are (C) reffered (D) to as a Yankee.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (B) are, because the subject “anyone from the United States” is singular, so we must replace “are” with “is”.

The correct sentence is the term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States is reffered to as a Yankee.

9. A network of small arteries, mostly (A) sandwiched between the skin and the (B) underlying muscles, (C) supply (D) blood to the face and scalp.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (C) supply, because the subject is singular, so we must add –s/-es to the “supply  become “supplies”.

The correct sentence is a network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched beetween the skin and the underlying muscles, supplies blood to the face and scalp”.

10.      Mesquite (A) is a (B) small tree in the Southwest (C) who can (D) withstand the severest drought.

The wrong word in the sentence above is (C) who, because the subject is a thing not human, so we must replace “who” with “which” or “that”.

The correct sentence is mesquite is a small tree in Southwest which/that can withstand the severest drough